As you go lower, down into the rainforest, you find less and less greenery. The forest floor is made up of moss，fungi，and decaying plant matter that has fallen from the upper layers. The reason for this decrease in greenery is very simple：The overabundance of plants gathering sunlight at the top of the forest blocks most sunlight from reaching the bottom of the forest，making it difficult for robust plants to thrive.
The Forest for the Trees
The ample sunlight and extremely wet climate of many tropical areas encourage the growth of towering trees with wide canopies. This thick top layer of the rainforest dictates the lives of all other plants in the forest. New tree seedlings rarely survive to make it to the top unless some older trees die, creating a“hole”in the canopy. When this happens，all of the seedlings on the ground level compete intensely to reach the sunlight.
Many plant species reach the top of the forest by climbing the tall trees. It is much easier to ascend this way, because the plant doesn’t have to form its own supporting structure.
Some plant species
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